Stakeholder Tertiary Project

Partner Tertiary Project Undertaking Statement: To address the subject of task necessities do investigate and from your discovering draft unmistakably organized notes that clarify what is: Implied by the essential, optional and tertiary partners The motivation behind a degree report and segments it ought to contain Assignment Objectives: This assignment is given to discover the portrayal about essential, auxiliary and tertiary partner of a task and their exercises with their anxiety zone. All these will be depicted on the main segment of this assignment. What's more, the second segment here will be characterized and portrayed about the motivation behind a Scope report and furthermore will be referenced about its segments it ought to contain. Partners The people or associations having an interest in what will be found out from an assessment and what will be finished with the information. Partners are gatherings of individuals who have an enthusiasm for a business association. They can be viewed as being either outside to the association, or on the other hand inside. However, some might be both. Essential Stakeholders Essential partners are the planned recipients of the undertaking. Jobs of Primary Stakeholder: Cooperation of essential partners is fundamental in ventures which are relied upon to have an immediate constructive effect on characterized gatherings of individuals Instances of Primary Stakeholder: Representatives Proprietors/Stockholders Clients Providers Partner Auxiliary Stakeholders Auxiliary partners are the individuals who proceed as mediators inside an undertaking. Jobs of Primary Stakeholder: The principle job of optional partner is connecting neighborhood administration with national strategies. In a couple of cases, optional partner assumes a job additionally in accord building, peace making, dynamic and financing. Case of optional partner: Middle government Nearby government NGOs The General Public Tertiary Stakeholders Tertiary partners are those entertainers who are considered to have huge effect on the accomplishment of a task. Jobs of tertiary Stakeholder: Tertiary partners give specialized help, backstopping, expansion and preparing administrations in their general vicinity of skill. They take an interest in dynamic and activity taking and in mindfulness raising exercises Tertiary partner may help with showcasing, and offer budgetary help through speculations. Case of Tertiary Stakeholder: Line organizations Endeavors and organizations Banks National government specialists NGOs The reason for Scope Documentation: The degree archive is a general term for any report that refines and characterizes the necessities part of the triple limitation of time, cost, and prerequisites. In this general sense, it gives a review of what the task should achieve and explains how those achievements will be accomplished. It might likewise give the colleagues, client, and undertaking administrator with knowledge on what is explicitly not in the extension. The areas of an extension record: The layout for an extension record may incorporate the components examined in the accompanying segments. 1. Presentation/Background of the Project This incorporates the history and any ecological definitions required to comprehend the task. 2. Justification/Business Opportunity This part communicates the benefits of pushing forward with the task and why it was embraced. 3. Partners and End Users This will list both business regions and people, refering to their obligations, inclusion, and any duties or expectations they may produce related with the undertaking. 4. Venture Details This will here and there be broken out into the practical necessities for the undertaking and the specialized prerequisites. The degree articulation may just incorporate the practical necessities. It should fuse the entirety of the obligatory necessities from the agreement or notice of comprehension, Should consolidate detail on the highlights of the deliverable that will serve those necessities. Authoritative Requirements Since authoritative obligations can be nearly as grave as task deliverable duties, they ought to be unmistakably characterized as segments of the venture scope Postproject Considerations Since the task exertion ordinarily makes up just a little part of a complete framework life cycle, any drawn out contemplations that will straightforwardly influence the venture dynamic procedure ought to be fused in the degree record. End: This undertaking was about the sorts of partners and their separate obligation in a task. What's more, about their working jobs with the case of partner are given in the errand arrangement as I comprehend by perusing the undertaking articulation and from my discoveries. I likewise attempted to give the data about degree documentation and its potential purposes. Reference: Site: http://e-articles.info/e/a/title/Scope-Document/

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Business and society are related. The prosperity of one relies upon the prosperity on the other. Organizations occupied with CSR are announcing advantages to their notoriety and their main concern. We can't construct the case for CSR exclusively in view of its monetary advantages a moral case must be made for organizations assuming liability for the effect of their relations with society and the earth, in any case the establishments of CSR will be excessively limited. Be that as it may, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is turning into an inexorably huge classification by which a companys notoriety is assessed. An assortment of social and ecological issues over an expansive range of ventures have as of late been canvassed in the media all of which legitimately influence a companys notoriety and which can all be viewed as a feature of the bigger CSR condition. Regardless of whether CSR is considered just the most recent pattern in business the board or whether it is establishing the framework for a recently propelled method of working together, a concise diagram of late business news and corporate interchanges shows that CSR is unquestionably an applicable factor for how an organization positions itself in the commercial center. CSR There is no all around concurred explanation of exactly what CSR implies and infers, and thoughts regarding the matter are as yet creating. No different, a typical collection of strategy has now come to fruition and won general endorsement among the individuals who favors the methodology. As indicated by along these lines of reasoning, a blend of late changes on the world scene and weights from general feeling currently expects organizations to take on another job, a recently characterized mission. They should have a main impact in accomplishing the mutual goals of open strategy and improving the world a spot. In doing as such, they should grasp the thought of corporate citizenship. They should run their issues, in close combination with a gathering of various partners, to seek after the shared objective of reasonable turn of events. Feasible advancement is said to have three measurements monetary, ecological and social. Consequently, organizations should set targets, measure their presentation, and have that exhibition autonomously reviewed, comparable to each of the three. They should intend to meet the triple primary concern, as opposed to concentrating barely on productivity and investor esteem. This applies to exclusive organizations all in all and specifically to huge global undertakings. Just by acting along these lines can organizations react to societys desires. Making such a positive reaction is introduced as the way to since quite a while ago run business accomplishment for singular enterprises in todays world. This is on the grounds that benefits rely upon notoriety, which thus relies progressively upon supposedly acting in a socially dependable manner. Consequently taking the way of CSR will in truth be useful for big business benefit: it will bring and continue backing and custom from outside the firm, and make for more prominent reliability and insight from its workers. To grasp corporate citizenship speaks to edified personal circumstance with respect to business. There is likewise a more extensive measurement, going past the individual organization. The selection of CSR by organizations for the most part is viewed as important to guarantee proceeding with open help for the private endeavor framework in general. Corporate social obligation Corporate social duty is essentially an advancing term that doesn't have a standard definition or a completely perceived arrangement of explicit rules. With the understanding that organizations assume a key job on employment and riches creation in the public arena, CSR is commonly comprehended to be the manner in which an organization accomplishes an equalization or combination of monetary, natural and social objectives while simultaneously tending to investor and partner desires. CSR is commonly acknowledged as applying to firms any place they work in the local and worldwide economy. The manner in which organizations connect with/include the investors, representatives, clients, providers, governments, non-administrative associations, universal associations, and different partners is generally a key element of the idea. While business consistence with laws and guidelines on social, ecological and monetary goals set the official degree of CSR execution, CSR is regularly comprehended as including the private area responsibilities and exercises that reach out past this establishment of consistence with laws. From a dynamic business point of view, CSR for the most part includes concentrating on new open doors as an approach to react to interrelated monetary, cultural and ecological requests in the commercial center. Numerous organizations accept that this center gives an unmistakable upper hand and animates corporate advancement. CSR is for the most part observed as the business commitment to practical turn of events, which has been characterized as improvement that addresses the issues of the present without trading off the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues, and is commonly comprehended as concentrating on the best way to accomplish the mix of monetary, ecological, and social goals. CSR additionally covers and regularly is interchangeable with numerous highlights of other related ideas, for example, corporate supportability, corporate responsibility, corporate obligation, corporate citizenship, corporate stewardship, and so on. CSR responsibilities and exercises commonly address parts of an organizations conduct (counting its arrangements and practices) as for such key components as; wellbeing and security, ecological assurance, human rights, human asset the executives rehearses, corporate administration, network improvement, and buyer insurance, work security, provider relations, business morals, and partner rights. Partnerships are inspired to include partners in their dynamic and to address cultural difficulties since todays partners are progressively mindful of the significance and effect of corporate choices upon society and nature. The partners can remunerate or rebuff companies. Partnerships can be spurred to change their corporate conduct in light of the business case, which a CSR approach conceivably guarantees. This incorporates: 1)Stronger budgetary execution and benefit (e. g. hrough eco-effectiveness), 2)Improved responsibility to and appraisals from the speculation network, 3)Enhanced worker duty, 4)Decreased helplessness through more grounded associations with networks, 5)Improved notoriety and marking. Verifiable setting The view that a business can have commitments that reach out past financial jobs isn't new in numerous regards. All through written history, the jobs of associations delivering merchandise and ventures for the commercial center were oftentimes connected with and incorporate political, social, or potentially military jobs. For instance, all through the early transformative phases of organization advancement in England (where associations, for example, the Hudson Bay Company and the East India Company got expansive commands), there was an open arrangement understanding that partnerships were to help accomplish cultural destinations, for example, the investigation of pioneer an area, setting up settlements, giving transportation administrations, creating bank and money related administrations, and so on.. During the nineteenth century, the partnership as a business type of association advanced quickly in the US. It took on a business structure that explained duties of the governing body and the executives to investors (I. e. trustee obligation). In this later transformative structure, open strategy every now and again tended to explicit social areas, for example, wellbeing and security for laborers, buyer insurance, work rehearses, ecological assurance, and so on. In this manner, partnerships reacted to social duties since they were committed to follow the law and open arrangement. They likewise reacted deliberately to advertise requests that reflected shopper ethics and social tastes. By the mid-purpose of the twentieth century, business the executives specialists, for example, Peter Drucker and being considered in business writing were talking about corporate social obligation in the US. In 1970, business analyst Milton Friedmann delineated his view that the social obligation of partnerships is to make benefits inside the limits of cultural ethics and laws (yet forewarned that socially capable activities by enterprises could prompt unfocused administration headings, misallocations of assets, and decreased market rivalry, opportunity and decision). CSR rose and keeps on being a key business the board, promoting, and bookkeeping worry in the US, Europe, Canada, and different countries. In the most recent decade, CSR and related ideas, for example, corporate citizenship and corporate manageability have extended. This has maybe happened in light of new difficulties, for example, those radiating from expanded globalization on the plan of business supervisors just as for related partner networks. It is currently progressively a piece of both the jargon and plan of scholastics, experts, non-administrative associations, purchaser gatherings, representatives, providers, investors, and nvestors. Assorted variety of Perspectives The accompanying rundowns of points of view of various associations serve to show the decent variety of perspectives on CSR that exist in Canada and around the globe. They mirror the difficulties and open doors for both the general population and private parts to successfully operationalize and adjust CSR between local, mainland and universal levels. They additionally demonstrate the difficulties and chances to build up the most fitting connections among investors and different partners just as to utilize the ideal strategy blend of administrative and deliberate instruments.

Journalistic Article on Kind of Blue- Miles Davis free essay sample

This discharge can be depicted as the foundation of Jazz music, Having sold more than 20 million duplicates, It has proceeded to Influence ages of artists to come. Indeed, even right up 'til today it is as of now selling 5000 duplicates for each week. It is out and out a showstopper and these six tracks of splendid spontaneous creation will leave you feeling better before its finish. Through the modular portrayals of Davis, this collection takes you on a secretive and wonderful Journey Into the universe of jazz.The word on the road is that Miles Davis just gave amazingly concise directions to he artists with regards to what to play for every melody. The manner in which he approached recording this collection denoted a distinction in his melodic Journey. Putting together the whole collection with respect to methodology instead of harmony transforms, he just gave them a modular sketch of every melody and the rest was surrendered over to their own improvisational expertise ability. We will compose a custom paper test on Journalistic Article on Kind of Blue-Miles Davis or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The magnificence of this collection Is that It depends on unadulterated immediacy of every craftsman. There Is a delightful and unmistakable voice communicated through each Instrument. It Is an uncommon thing to unite a string of such one of a kind and skilled craftsmen. However, when it happens-meeting that can't be portrayed with words happens genuine music. In the studio with Davis were saxophone players John Coloration and Julian Dearly, the bassist Paul Chambers, plants Bill Evans and drummer Jimmy Cob, From Intricate yet sensitive piano runs, to the smooth and smooth extemporizations of the trumpet, to the consistent and foot pounding bass line and the obvious section of the drums, every performer carried something energizing and diverse to this modular methodology of Improvisation.The last collection was recorded In right around one take. Someone once disclosed to me that a genuine performer makes what is hard to appear to be very prompt. In such a case as Kind of Blue this is the thing that I would call a precise articulation. In light of the melodic virtuoso behind this collection, it Is something that would be at home in the CD assortment of anyone not si mply the committed fanatics of jazz. The music streams without hardly lifting a finger and is pleasant for any ear. Simultaneously be that as it may, it is likewise past fulfilling for the energetic performer to analyses.It can be valued by the individuals who are not devoted jazz fans. In the event that you are hoping to get Into Jazz music, I would state this collection Is the best spot where to start. The primary melody on the collection is the well known So What. This could be viewed as the staple of Males Davis. Everybody knows It, and everyone cherishes it. A dim and baffling piano grouping begins the tune and is before long Joined by the appealing bass line that is the center of the entire tune.After 9 minutes of brain blowing spontaneous creation fulfillment. Following is Freddie Freeloader a melody with clear motivation from the blues, with up-beat blues piano riffs in a 12 bar blues structure that are then supplanted with the unusual extemporizations of Miles Davis on the trumpet. His harmonistic quieted tone is extraordinary. Next comes Blue in Green. The sentimental piano introduction is certainly a difference in state of mind from the initial two tracks. It is the most limited tune on the collection.

A Literature Review on Service Quality - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2479 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Transport Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? CHAPTER 2 2.0 Literature Review Nowadays, the trends for demand of the air transport are increasing. Airline industry has been transformed compare to before especially demand of using the air transport. It also becomes as the sector which experience the fastest growing sector compare to the other sector. This increasing of demand can be show out customer has gets their beneficiaries from using this kind of air transport. However, fastest growing of the airlines industry also brings the challenges because of the rising trend toward air transport demand. Purpose for this paper is to examine that how the price, service quality and advertising and promotion influence people to choose flight as the transportation. 2.1 Price According to the Business Dictionary (https://www.businessdictionary.com/), price is a value that exchange or transfer for the possession. The buyer is pleased to pay and seller is pleased to accept and the competition is allowed to exist. All o f this is the basic thing in the business dealing activities. However from the American Economic Review has detailed 117 meaning of price no matter in monetary or non monetary meaning or even in the objective and subjective meaning. R.Commons (1929), state that price can be separated in the value or debt and price is related to the scarcity of commodity, money and waiting. Further, price is a critical thing to an organization which enables to affects or affects by the function of an organization. There have some understanding which done by Monroe (2003), state that price sensitivity can divided into two dimension which is price awareness and price consciousness. The buyer who has the ability to remember the price is called as the price awareness conversely buyer who sensitive to price differential is price consciousness. Thus these price sensitive degrees are affecting to their purchasing behaviors. In economics perspective, this price sensitivity is measured by using the price elas ticity to the demand. Price is an important issue for public transport such as bus, train, taxi to earn their profit for the continuous operation. Generally, if the elasticity is negative value we can see that price increases the number of consumer that patrons toward the public transport will be decrease and vice versa. So that the elasticity concept is emerge to express the proportional change in number of patrons to the proportional changes in the prices. The price elasticity for the public transport in rural area is higher than urban area (Paulley et al., 2006). From the Transport and Road Research Report Laboratory (2004), shows that there was negative value and more elastic demand for the bus price in the short run distance if compare to the long run distance. Moreover, from Roza et al. (2013), a case study in Peninsular Malaysia shows users pay attention to the price increase of the intercity bus and train. Users also give the response which shift from bus to train beca use of reduction of price in the intercity train. This has strongly showed that the price changes influence the user toward choice of mode of transport in this case study. Identically for the flight demand, the price has playing a very important role. In the airline market we can see that there have multiple prices in the market. All airlines in the market must be taking over several considerations about the market demand reaction and the competitors price before set a price decision on the seats. However, the intention for the trip is decide the willingness of the consumer to pay for the price offer. The evidence can be get from the price discrimination of the fly ticket in the weekend with the low fair in weekend truly give the effect to the weekend purchase statistic on the demand of the flight ticket (L.Puller et al.,2012).Thus if we want to evaluate the demand competitiveness the price dynamics must take into account. According to International Air Transport Association ( IATA) Air Travel demand (2008), travelers will choose the destination according to the price of flight ticket offered thus they are more sensitive to the changes of the price of the price in air travel. Besides, the International Passenger Survey (2004), was conducted by UK Office of the National Statistics predict that UK people who travel to the Europe country by flight transport the price variant as 27% in the total travel cost in the year 2004. Many passenger who use the air transport also make the option between the difference of the price which according to the class level. In the study of Gillen et al. (2002), found that the price demand elastic is range differently according to the relevant market. For the long journey the price elasticity variables according to the purpose of international business is more elastic than the domestic business and also the international leisure also elastic than domestic leisure. However for the short journey price elasticity variable for the purpose of the business is more elastic than leisure purpose. The econometric of IATAs Passenger Intelligence Service (PaxIS) database (2005), has shown that there has significant difference statistic with geographic air transport market. In the Intra Europe there are more elastic to the price demand of the transport because there facing strong competition from the other mode of transport with a very low price. Conversely from the Intra Asia aspect, there is moderately more inelastic because the low price of transport in Asia is emerged just recently. New breed of the flight in the US airline industry with low cost has brought result toward the low price of the flight ticket which the low fair cost are distributed broadly. This low cost enable the price strategy in the US airline industry enter different market segment which whether in the low, medium or even in the high end strategy (Najda, 2003). The obvious demand increase in the flight shows that in the US aviation industry i s growing positively (US Federal Aviation, 2011). Real World Wide Web has been used in describe the air transport network. Thus, the connectivity of the airline in the global is very importance to stimulate the economic. The economic price of the flight has played an importance role to increase the demand of the air passenger. This can be show in Oxford Economics (2011), the economical importance places has the higher routes of frequency. The fall of cost in the air transport services has increase routes of flight in Malaysia which connect to cities of all around the world which consist of 111 routes in year 2011.Moreover, in British Airway (BA) April- December (2010), shows that the total revenue of the airline had possess 89% which means consists of 23 million air passengers generated about  £5.7 million profit in year 2010. Thus, we can see that appropriate pricing of the fly ticket is a very important to enhance the market to become more powerful, fairness and sustainability. The air transport in Asia has become a more common mode for the people as the transportation for the travel mode. The reason why it was happen because accelerated by the affordable price of flight ticket which dedicated by the low-cost flight. Airline competition occur cause the air flight ticket to be low will give the advantages to the passengers who pleased to pay and accept the minimal service and comfort ability(Zhang et al., 2008). In Malaysia, Air Asia has held their slogan which Everyone Can Fly in the reality. Air Asia can make it in the reality because they keeping their cost and fair low. An airline is a service industry if the service provided are no difference or only has a little difference to the service that offered in the market consumer will choose for the cheapest one (Lovelock, 2007). Price strategy always use by the airlines industry and customer will get the seats that what are they pay off. Malaysia Airline which launches the Everyday Low Fair program which want to meet the customers current demand. Zeithaml et al. (2009), state that the one information can get is price used by people as a pointer of quality. Addition, low cost airline are the price strategy which price differentiation used by airline industry market to attract the different segment of customers (De Pew et al., 2003). In conclusion, I wanted to find that is that the price given by the airlines will affect the people to choose flight as their transportation. 2.3 Quality of Service According to business dictionary (https://www.businessdictionary.com/), quality is a level used to measure a something which is excellence, absence of defect and it is a something that exceeds the degree of expectation by the consumer. There shows that different people have different perception toward meaning of the quality and it is a subjective term for everyone. Furthermore, Kasper et al. (1999), has defined that the service quality is a degree that fulfill the customer expectation. According to the Jasmina (2007), who has study in service quality in hotel industry stated that quality of service provided by a company is very important which must make sure always fulfill customer satisfaction to allow the company compete in the market and ensure the profitability. However, in the transportation aspect, service quality can straightly affect demand of the public to use it. This can be shown by Muhammad (2010), has study on relationship of bus service and its demand of passenger. From his study he shows that the condition of the bus has bring impact to the demand of the public to use and because of poor service quality cause the public lack the interest to use this transport. This shown by the Mazulla (2006), shows attribute of the service quality from a transport can influence the customer satisfaction is analyzed which the attributes consists of frequency, comfort ability, cleanliness, information given seats and security. Moreover in the Indian Railway there have several attribute used to evaluate the customer service quality instrument such as reliability, empathy, tangibles, responsiveness and assurance (Vanniarajan et al., 2008). From the Lai (2010), research has show that the positive relationship between the quality service of the transport toward the intention of the consumer behavior. According to the Chen et al. (2005), the authors have determined the airline industry service quality in a process form. They divide the process in the two parts which is ground and in flight service. It shows that the customer has different expectation for each different process. Service quality instrument also been use by the other researcher to measure the service provided in the airline industry. Abdul Rahim et al. (2005), has show that the higher quality service ensure the profit and will help satisfied the customer in the higher level and they will be more loyal. From Ali et al. (2012), states that their finding which the hierarchical mo del of service quality most suitable used to collect information and made decision if compare to the other type of service quality model such as multilevel model and Nordic model. The hierarchical model consists of primary dimension which is interaction, environment and outcome dimension. They have their own sub dimension which the interaction are included attitude, behavior and expertise. For environment it includes condition design and social factors. The outcome dimension includes the waiting time, tangible and valence. Lastly from their conclusion they also believe that service quality is the best measurement for analyzing the customer information which included the need, wants and perception about the service. In addition, from the Brady et al. (2001), have states that the result of the high quality service will improve the organizations profit, market share, customer loyalty and the probability for customer to buy it will also increase. According to the Sumaedi et al. (2012 ), the research has found that there has a positive relationship between the service quality and the customer behavior intention. From the researcher finding it also can be support by the Wen et al. (2005), which the service quality of a public transport has influence people whether to use the public transport. In the research the service quality attribute included such as safety when riding, the cleanliness, and degree of crowd when transit, the drivers knows what passengers need and the formidable of the transit system engine. Thus, the behavioral intention of the customer can be affected by the service quality of the transportation are being supported. However, from the researcher al-Rousan et al. (2010), has do the research on the customer loyalty towards the service quality provide in the hotel industry. The finding from the research has show out that the directly influence of the service quality toward the customer loyalty which as same as the transportation industry the impor tant role of the service quality toward the customer who request the service. Service is an intangible and requires tangible facilities with a present of the customer will give an obvious influence toward the quality service that provided to the customer (Britner, 1992). Tangible feature have include outward appearance of physical facilities, communication material, personnel, equipment (Zeithmal et al., 1990). It also include the surrounding design was play an important role towards environments ambience (Wakefield et al., 1996). This also can be seen that the in the interior of the flight importance towards the customer perception towards service quality provided. There has mentioned such as seating comfort ability, safety guide, immediate handling customer request, inquiry and complaints (Lindstrom, 2009). According to the Nor et al. (2013), finding show that the service quality has influences the customer loyalty in the airline services. The customer loyalty will be import ant criteria which the customer will repurchase service or recommend it to the other people (Bloemer et al., 1999). Repurchase intention of customer from the same company will help to ensure that the customer are favorite to the certain company so they will continuous purchase and recommend it to the other peoples (Pearson, 1996). The repeat purchase of the customer from a same brand will help the company to maintain the demand from the customer which without the emotional coherence to that brand (Hawkins et al., 1998). The finding from the researcher Eileen et al. (2011), has found that the key service attribute that provide d by the Malaysia Low Cost Airline which delivery the promise service to customer has allow them to repeat purchase the service. For example the airline promise to delivery on time in departure and arrival, the cleanliness in the flight and with the comfortable seats has give them satisfied with the service provide. On the other hands, the experience of purc hase the flight ticket, check in counter, communication in the ground crew has influence the customer perception towards the service quality provided by the airline. According to the Westcott (2005), shows that it is important to attract the new customer as well retain the old customer and ensure the repeat purchase. In conclusion, according to the pass researcher above has mentioned there is very importance to provide good service quality towards the intention of customer by repeat purchase or attract new customer. So that for me I wanted to find out the quality service that given by the airline will influence the customer choose the flight as the transportation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Literature Review on Service Quality" essay for you Create order

The Life Of George Womble And Douglass - 1432 Words

The different treatments slaves received from their masters may have been caused by the different environments they were living in. After moving from the country to Baltimore, Douglass observed that slaves living in urban surroundings were treated differently from slaves living on plantations. Douglass notices that â€Å"a city slave is almost a freeman, compared with a slave on the plantation. He is much better fed and clothed, and enjoys privileges altogether unknown to the slave on the plantation† (Douglass 32). These differences can be seen through the experiences of George Womble and Douglass. Mr. Womble, a slave who lived on a plantation in Clinton, Georgia, says that â€Å"slaves on the Womble plantation were treated more like animals rather than like humans† (Womble 12). Children ate from a trough and shared meals with the animals, and his master would whip slaves â€Å"just to give himself a little fun† (Womble 2). Slaves were also punished unjustly. For instance, when he was sent off to complete an errand, Mr. Womble â€Å"stopped to eat some persimmons [instead]†¦of returning immediately† (Womble 13). As a result, his master â€Å"started beating him on the head with a wagon spoke† until â€Å"his head was covered with knots the size of hen eggs and blood was flowing from each of them† (Womble 13). This brutal treatment would not be accepted in the city. In urban areas, masters have â€Å"a sense of shame that does much to curb and check those outbreaks of atrocious cruelty so commonly enacted

School Uniforms Should Be Required For Their Freedom Of...

School uniforms were first introduced in England, in the 16th century. In the beginning it was only for charity purposes, but clothing started to have a different meaning throughout the centuries. The early purposes of wearing school uniforms were not much different than that of today’s. Same clothing can represent togetherness and may also help students no to get distracted. This research paper will take a closer look at why schools should mandate such a policy, supported by details and statistics from different sources. The majority of school students believe uniforms will restrain their freedom of expression. However, all elementary schools in different nations should make it mandatory for their students to wear school uniforms.†¦show more content†¦There are many positives to this idea. It is said to increase academic and discipline and even safety within the schools. Uniforms can decrease social competition and bullying, and also can make getting ready easier. In Hungary for instance, there is only a few schools that require their students to wear uniforms, thus representing them as the same. However, most all the schools require some sort of a dress-code regulation. For instance, at the American International School of Budapest (AISB), an ‘indirect’ policy was introduced: â€Å"Although AISB does not have a school uniform, appropriate school dress is important to the atmosphere of the school. We expect that clothing worn to school is comfortable, neat, clean, safe and appropriate to the season. In particular it must be appropriate for the school setting.† (AISB, 11) The schools states its dress-code regulations in a guideline (handbook). Most of these regulations state that â€Å"clothing should not be overly tight, overly baggy or revealing. Shirts and tops should cover the student s underwear and belly button. Hats may not be worn inside the building. No clothing may be worn that exhibits inappropriate language or l ogos (violent, sexist, racist). Hanging straps and chains are unsafe and should not be part of, or attached to, clothing worn to

Porter’s Five Forces Model of Retail Industry for Strategic Management

Question: Describe about the Five Forces Model of Retail Industry for Strategic Management. Answer: Porters Five Forces Model of Retail Industry: Threats of New Entrants- The retail industry face strong forces of threats from the new entrants. This is because; new retail firms can easily enter the market, as most of running business is low; capital cost is also moderate. Small retailers can compete with the existing giant firms in terms of locality; specialty and convenience. Threats of Substitutes- Substitute of retail products are not available in any other industry. The threats of substitutes exist among the firms under industry, for example, people can shift from Wal-Mart to Tesco. Hence, force is strong. However, there is variety of products in the retail sector and there is no other ways to shift. Bargaining Power of Buyer-Though the number of buyers is large and has strong forces, the individual purchase amount is too small. Therefore, there is weak pressure that buyers can impose in this industry. The purchase of each buyer is also diversified that cannot put force on the firms under this industry. Bargaining Power of Supplier- There are large numbers of supplier in this industry. Therefore, this industry can easily affect them. Due to tough competition among the suppliers and availability of supplies, make it difficult for them to affect the retail industry. Intensity of Rivalry- The firms under this industry are engaged in bottleneck competition. The large number of firms in this industry imposes strong rivalry in this industry. they are oftrn engaged in price war. The US automobile industry can be examined by conducting the PEST analysis. Political: Government of United States focuses on the reducing pollution from the production of automobiles. The government of this country assists for technical innovation. The trade agreement with this nation is also increasingly growing. However, the pollution laws or laws regarding the environment are strictly enforced by US government. Economic: Growth in the economy of US is an opportunity for the automobile industry. The high growth rate of the developing market is generating demand for the US automobile products. However, strength of US dollar is a disadvantage for the industry as their export has been becoming costlier in the global market. Social: The consumers preference for electric automobiles and its increasing demand for vehicles is the opportunity for Automobile industry. The US consumers are attracted to after-sales services. Therefore, this industry has more opportunity to grow. Technology: In US, the research is growing rapidly in order to innovate new technology and to develop new products. Therefore, the technological environment is supportive for the automobile industry. However, limited availability of alternative fuel is a disadvantage of this country. Economic and Social factors are of major importance for Automobile industry of US. The economic condition of the global and domestic market significantly influences this industry. the social factor like customers changing pattern is also of major importance. The firms are related to the three levels of external environments. The remote or broader level of external environment takes into account the economic; political; technological and social factors. The industry environment constitutes of competitive rivalry; power of buyers; power of suppliers; barriers for entry and threats of substitute. The operating environment influences the firm through suppliers; competitors; customers; creditors; government bodies; labor union or the workers and the local community. In the operational external environment, the supplier; customers and the competitors are of most important. These particular stakeholders are highly affected and they face instant consequences when the firm faces any uncertain change. The direct competitors of a firm or an organization are those firms those have similar resource endowment and similar market product. Direct competitors also produce identical products and services. While identifying the direct competitors, the management team often misses out to consider the potential entrants in the same industry. Hence, they remain unidentified. Moreover, rivals often give misleading signals that divert the focus from them. Identified competitors may have different approach of business because they face different challenges. Therefore, such competitors are not the direct one. The competitors can be identified through technology analysis; by market access and by identifying the reputation of the firm. The operating knowledge and skills are another tools of examining the competitors. The firm is considered to be a potential entrant when it has sufficient capital to invest in order to set up new business and has a existing customer base. Moreover, if an existing firm with high brand value is diversifying in new market with new product then the firm is a potential entrant in the industry. If the demand for a product falls due to availability of another product, then the good is considered as substitute. If the degree of fall in demand is high, then the product is potential substitute. Companys strategy is often influenced by environment. The organization is successful if the organization adapts all the environmental forces. The company determines the environment by developing relationship with the stakeholders and other activities. Strategic choice incorporates recognition and assessment of alternative plans and then it decides upon some specific choice. Strategic choice assists the firm to obtain the goals of the company. The approaches of making strategy choices are different. There are, planned approach; experience based approach; enforced choice approach and command approach. Stakeholders approach recognizes the stakeholders of the company frames the model according to their need. The stakeholders are affected by the performance of the firm and on the changes strategy according to their need. The consumers; suppliers; government and employees are major stakeholders of companies. The enactment of strategy makes the environmental changes less aggressive. This process is more favorable for the success of the organization. in this process the company attains continuity and coordination. By adaptation, it is meant that how the companies responds to the environmental changes by modifying its strategy according to the needs of the business. The resource of the company generates value for the consumers that are difficult for the competitors to imitate. Therefore, the resource-based view of the firm provide basis for sustainable competitive advantage. This view incorporates recognition of potential resources and derives strategy in order to create synergy. Valuable; rare; inimitable and non-substitutable resources can achieve competitive advantage in the long run. The four principles of Blue Ocean strategy are: creating uncontested market; making competition irrelevant and new demand creation and breaking the value cost trade-off. There are major differences between porters five forces and Blue Ocean Strategy. Porters model opined that business has to determine how to compete in the existing marketplace. However, the Blue Ocean theory focuses on creating a new market. Blue ocean strategy completely avoids the competition in the market. it also encourages to focus less on the competitors and instead encourage to find alternative products to create a competition less market. This strategy focuses on current customers instead of existing potential customers. However, the porters Five Forces emphasizes on power of existing buyers; sellers; substitutes and competitors. Porters Five Forces model is competing approach and Blue Ocean approach is the innovation approach. This is because; Blue ocean looks for new market and Porter looked for surviving in the competitive strategy. The generic level competitive strategies are of three types, such that, focus; differentiation and cost leadership. Cost leadership can be implemented through creating low-cost position of the company. It also helps the company to capture the significant portion of market share. The disadvantage of this strategy is that due to huge cost of investment, new and advanced technology may not be implemented in the company that can reduce the cost of production. RD and innovation offers high quality product in order to make their product different from others. Therefore, differentiating strategy makes the product attractive. However, innovation or the new product can be copied or imitate by other firms. Therefore, if other firm steals the product then the company will not enjoy benefits of differentiating product. The business strategy of Focus formulates concentration on the niche market. this requires understanding the customers and market. The limitation is that focus strategy is that concentration focuses in small segment with low capacity and company is unable to serve in the broader market. SWOT Analysis of Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia Berhad: Strengths Weaknesses Large size of the firm Brand Value Global expansion Significant market share High cost of production Exposed to the risk of global market Changes in exchange rate Only Non-Muslim Malaysian as consumer Opportunities Threats Changing festive or celebrating pattern of the consumers causes high demand Growth in Malaysia Expansion in the new foreign market Rise in alcohol Tax Increasing fuel price rises cost of transportation Growing awareness of health Wine as a major substitute An organizations options for growth are listed as follows: Partnership/ Merger and Acquisitions/ Joint Venture Foreign Collaboration Expansion Diversification Modernization Example of company external growth strategy: Nokias acquisition of Siemens network. Example of company internal growth strategy: Apples diversification in mp3 Player; online music store etc. Approaching the market place with strategy of differentiation based upon speed, this entails that speed of production or the speed of services has to be improved. In such case, the supporting activity like technology development and human resource management will become primary activity, in the value chain. This is because; more labors are required and through technology advancement, the speed can be directly improved. To distinguish the products in terms of speed from other products, the outbound logistics and distribution must be improved in the value chain. In the phase of introduction of a new product, promote of the product by advertising method will be the competitive strategy of a company in order to develop a market for product. In the phase of growth, the firm emphasizes on building brand value and attempts to capture major market share through implementation of different strategic. In the maturity stage of the product cycle, the goal of the competitive strategy will be to achieve greatest profit. In the stage of decline of the product, the firms may choose several strategies to continue its business. For example, if product sale of is falling, the firm may choose to operate in another market and will develop its business. In this stage, a general approach of the firm is to diversify its production, bu focusing on developing different items. When the transaction costs are too high to persuade a company to produce goods and services in-house instead of purchasing it in the open market, then it is known s market failure. When a firm creates part of its requirement by itself and buys rest of the things from the open market, then it is known as taper integration. When a firm is not involved in the entire adjacent business units in the supply chain, then it is known as quasi integration. The firms themselves do not produce entire goods and services, rather it buys inputs or other parts of final goods from the suppliers. This reduces cost of production. Hence, the firm violates principles of market failure, in order to ensure better flow and to have control over the operations and supply chain. Thus, the business organizations follow taper integration, produce some parts by their own, and buy some of its ingredients from outsiders. The functional level strategy must be steady between functions; within the function; and with the generic-level strategy. This approach facilitates to attain business level and corporate level objectives by exploiting the resource and productivity. Hence, this strategy must be reviewed from time to time in order to be consistent with the business level approach and supportive of corporate level approach. The functional strategy must be consistent with the capabilities in order to formulate higher-level strategies. It must be consistent with the delivering of products or services; manufacturing as it manages various functional and operations. Functional level strategy should be formulated in such a way so that it helps the company to accomplish its goals of the business and corporate level. Concurrent control incorporates the control or regulation of continuing process. The monitoring system is made in real time. Concurrent control also necessitates understanding particular tasks involved in the process and the relationship between them. It starts with standards of the product and all other activity of employees against standards. This control ensures best possible quality and services. The process control or the control of the process is associated with entire process of the production and service. Process control ensures whether the products or the outputs are meeting conditions. This control makes sure that the progress of the firm and its success continues at every stage of production. Customers survey is an important tool of the strategic control. Through this survey of the customer, entrepreneur or the marketers will be able to have an idea in order to improve their strategy in the proper direction. Consumers survey enables the company to measure how well their standard of customers satisfaction is. Structure of capital and funds are provided by the finance strategy. Human resource strategy focuses on the reducing hiring cost and number of hiring. These are account-based measures, which can be influenced. Therefore, the control measures cannot be formulated based on only the numerical values of the performance of the company. Therefore, the executives prefer market-based measures to alleviate the difficulty of account-based measures as control measure. Market based measure is not restricted to the sole aspect of firms performance. Concentration strategy focuses on a single product and market. This strategy prefers to invest in the resource and marketing of the particular product that it plans to improve. This strategy creates loyalty among the customers and builds up reputations. The limitation of this plan is that since the firm is focusing on single product or market and if customers preference of that market shifts from that product, the product will be obsolete. This might cause failure of the business. An example of firm with concentration strategy is McDonalds Corporation Integration strategy improves the overall competency of the company through strategic alliances. Integration can be in the form of Merger and Acquisition; Partnership or joint venture. It reduces cost of production in the overall supply chain. The disadvantage of this strategy is that, in order to have enough supply for downstream operations the upstream capacity is also requires to be formed efficiently. This in turn hit backs the suppliers of the previous stage. Integration also makes raw materials limited that creates barrier for the new firm to enter the market. An example of firm with integration strategy is Amazon.com. The diversification strategy refers to entering into the new market for a new product. This strategy enables the company to create more customers base. This helps the company to grow fast by increasing profits and cash flow of the company. The limitation of this strategy is that the consumers may not like the new product, which will lead to failure of the strategy. An example of firm with diversification strategy is Nestle.

The Emergence of Pop Punk Music Essay Example For Students

The Emergence of Pop Punk Music Essay The Emergence of Pop Punk Music from the Acceptance of Punk Style The displacement of an original genre of music is thought to be what creates a submerge of music. This displacement may have been brought on by cultural, economical, or political changes in society, or the displacement may bring these changes within society with the new music. Pop punk is a submerge of punk rock and pop music. It was created by the merging of punk rock and the music that was popular at the time of its origin. In order to understand the foundation of pop punk music, one must first understand the history of the two genres it submerged from. We will write a custom essay on The Emergence of Pop Punk Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rock n roll began in the sasss. It was started after World War II, when its target audience was trying to return to normalcy and America was experiencing economic stability and prosperity (Starr, 199). Rock n roll was created to target a wide range of young people. It was a much younger audience than had ever before constituted a target market for music, and it was a large audience that shared some specific and important group characteristics of group cultural identity (Starr, 199). This audience consisted of teenagers that lived in every area, were in every social class, and were of NY race. Eventually, rock n roll came to be any type of music that targeted this audience. Rock n roll helped its audience to create its own culture. This culture had its own styles and identity, that were unique to this audience alone and included certain fashions, phrases, dances, and music. The new culture was completely dominated by the youth of the sasss (Starr, 199). Rock n roll was a form of rebellion by teenagers because it allowed them to go against the principles and restraints that adults had placed on music style and preference. Rock music soon developed into a inner of music known as punk rock in the sasss due to a backlash against the centralization of all genres by music industries. Unlike any other musical genre, punk rock was started as a deliberate reaction to the mass centralization of music (History Of, 2011). The genre of punk rock relied heavily on its individuality and underground existence. It wanted no relation to the mainstream of popular music, and was completely against corporate control. The first punk rock bands to emerge were The Ramose, The Sex Pistols, and The Clash. Many of these bands came from England, and were heavily influenced by the redecorate and grunge culture that was occurring in England at the time. Unlike mainstream rock, these bands brought back the more raw do-it-yourself sound that simplified rock down to its core ingredients: loud guitars, rude attitude, and enraged singing (Grievers, 2012). Their songs utilized only a few chords, and their lyrics were often repetitions of short phrases. Many of the bands were characterized by their aggressive and amateur sound. Punk rock was basically started to bring back the original aspects of rock n roll without selling out and giving in to the centralization of the media. These punk rock bands sang about politics, society, the environment, and other mature topics. Their band members were well-educated adults, who were publicizing their disappointment in the direction that the world was The Emergence of Pop Punk Music By sandblasted saw wrong with society with lyrics such as, Whats happening to our society? Disintegration of humanity, destruction of the environment (Cram that cop donation in your ass) Is it going anywhere? Politicians, (to confuse you). Whats good for them, now it anti good for you, but there anti nothing that you can do. These lyrics illustrated that the band members were well aware of what was going on in society and the world around them. They noticed that the environment was being harmed, that politicians were sometimes corrupt, and that society was beginning to drift apart. These lyrics shed a light that punk artists were educated and worldly. After a while, Punk was no longer Just a genre of music. It had become a style of living. Being punk entailed rejecting any form of corporate control and staying anti-establishment. Punks started a movement that grew to become a revolution against political and societal establishments, whose followers would point at and criticize everything they perceived as wrong with the world. Their defiance against the majority symbolized a tendency to stay away from mainstream media, a market that supposedly destroyed individuality and creativity, turning its musicians into tools whose purpose was to gather the masses and in the process make as much money as possible (Park, 2008). The genre of punk rock created its own individuality among its audience. Being punk meant that you didnt approve of what was happening in society. Punk rock music revered as an outlet for people to express their anger, fear, and disappointment with humanity. It wasnt until the sasss that pop music merged with the genre of punk rock; giving both genres over 30 years to develop their own individual styles and thus creating the first wave of pop punk. .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .postImageUrl , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:hover , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:visited , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:active { border:0!important; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:active , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music in the Middle Ages EssayPop punk music submerged from not only the growing popularity of punk music but also the understanding of the punk lifestyle, the cultural change toward self-identity, and the acceptance of talking about emotions. Pop punk incorporates pop melodies with the loud drumming and distorted guitars of punk rock. Punk rock music was able to regain popularity because many teens began to think that being punk was cool. Just like pop and punk rock, pop punk targeted teenagers as its main audience. At this time, the definition of what being punk entailed had changed and developed into something else. Although punks still went against the social norm and denied any form of corporate control, this new trend of punk focused on individuality; free of the trends that society had placed on its people. Punk music no longer addressed issues such as politics and environmentalism. Its lyrics now focused on day-to-day events and how they made he artist feel. Pop punk related to teens not only with appealing and memorable melodies but also with its relatable lyrics about love, emotions, life experiences, and teenage problems such as feeling left out, break ups, and family issues. Pop punk lyrics also sang about teenage angst, the status quo of society, and the helplessness felt by many teens throughout the asss. Being punk, which was all about steering away from popular opinion, suddenly became the popular thing to do. The centralization of punk rock allowed the public access to a genre once frowned upon and thought of as society child-gone-bad. A whole new musical style was formed through this new outlook towards punk, and paved the way for future alternative styles of rock that are still being influenced by its godfather today. (Park, began to embrace the rebellion against corporate control. It became popular to reject all that was popular. It was this cultural change that was moving toward self-identity and self- awareness that allowed pop punk to flourish in the sasss. During this time, people began moving away from the social norm and wanted to create their own unique identity. It was this movement toward rejecting what was popular that allowed for the a cceptance and understanding of pop punk music. Pop punk music was all about going against the mainstream. It was radio-friendly music with the speed and attitude of classic rock. Throughout the asss, America experienced many mishaps such as the Cold War, the fear of nuclear weapons, and the loss of thousands of Jobs due to technological advances. These incidents were addressed in songs such as Good Charlotte The Young and Hopeless with lyrics such as And if I make it through today will tomorrow be the same? Am I Just running in place? And if I stumble and I fall, should I get up and carry on, or will it all Just be the same? Cause Im young and hopeless. Im lost, and I know this. Im going nowhere fast, thats what they say. Im troublesome; Ive fallen. Im angry at my father. Its me against this world and I dont care, I dont care. These lyrics reflect the angst and indecision that many teens felt throughout the asss due to their uncertainty of where the future was headed. The lyrics also address the family issues that became more prevalent during the asss due to divorce and single-family homes. In the asss, when punk bands sang about environmental and political issues, divorce rates were at a mere 20%. In the gs, when pop punk bands addressed issues such as helplessness, loneliness, and family issues, divorce rates had sky rocketed to 50%. Divorce rates more than doubling over this 40-year period were a major influence on punk lyrics and angst. Punks began to aim a majority of their blame and anger about the unhappiness they faced on the family problems they experienced. The topics that pop punk bands addressed changed. The lyrics became more personable, and teens that shared the emotions that were being sung about began to relate to the music on a deeper level. Other bands such as Blink 182 addressed the social issues of corporate control with yards like, Everything has fallen to pieces. Earth is dying, help me Jesus. We need guidance; weve been misled. Young and hostile but not stupid. Corporate leaders, politicians; kids cant vote, adults elect them. Laws that rule the school and workplace. These lyrics address the mistrust that many teens felt between the government and other authority fugues that were adults. They also address the attitude that many adults had on teens by stating young and hostile but not stupid. The lyrics of these songs are trying to show society that even though teens throughout the country may act foolishly as many teenagers do, they were still aware f the problems going on around them. Both sets of lyrics, whether addressing family issues or distrust in the government have one underlying theme in common: emotions. The one major change between punk lyrics of the asss and punk lyrics of the asss was the change from coloratura issues to emotions. Starting in the early asss, talking about your emotions became a more prevalent incident. .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .postImageUrl , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:hover , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:visited , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:active { border:0!important; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:active , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Report EssayIt was not only the pop melodies but also the emotionally driven and relatable lyrics of pop punk music that allowed its audiences to relate to not only catchy, but it held on to the popular theme of emotions within its lyrics. Pop music at its time related to its audiences because of the fact that its lyrics related to the emotions and aspirations of its artists and audiences. Pop artists such as Brittany Spears first became popular because she was able to relate to her young teen audience with lyrics such as, Theres a girl in the mirror. I wonder who she is. Sometimes I think I know her. Sometimes I really wish I did. Theres a story in her eyes, lullabies and goodbyes. When shes looking back at me I can tell her heart is broken easily. With these lyrics, Brittany addressed the loss of identity and the retake that many girls were experiencing at the time. These relatable lyrics are what allowed Brittany to gain and maintain her popularity. It was also the relatable lyrics of many pop punk bands that allowed their popularity to spread among a wide range of young audiences. As long as a teenager was able to identify with the emotions in a pop punk song, they became a fan of pop punk music. Major artists within this submerge include Blink 182, New Found Glory, Sum 41, Good Charlotte, and Green Day. They created music that took root in punk and added catchy melodies and sing-along choruses that made them pop friendlier. While more pop than their predecessors and idols, they remained punk in the heart (Oboe, 2011). These changes from the original form of punk rock are important because they are what enabled this genre of music to become popular. The captivating beats and lyrics that were similar to asss pop music are what drew attention to pop punk music. These artists had started as underground bands, but later became popular as they were featured on MET and radio stations. MET helped to promote many underground pop punk bands by featuring them on commercial breaks between shows and playing their music videos each morning during MET Jams on which they play featured artists music videos. MET also helped to promote many pop punk bands by interviewing them during MET News and airing their interviews. These three factors helped many bands gain popularity among the young audiences that watched MET. Overtime, pop punk has become increasingly popular. Nation wide tours that allow the bands to travel and perform together have begun to create a scene for pop punk. The bands have begun to not only tour together but to also collaborate on music and feed off of each others ideas when producing music. Vans, a popular shoe many, sponsors the Nanas Warped Tour which encompasses about 40 pop punk bands playing on different stages during one day. This tour has led to widespread popularity of pop punk bands because it has raised awareness to this genre of music and created a larger audience for it. By introducing artists who are not well known, Vans Warped Tour has helped introduce artists to their to-be fans. Pop punk music has also gained popularity through promotion in magazines. One magazine in particular, Alternative Press (AP), has helped multiple bands gain recognition by featuring them on their cover. Because AP magazine is one of the very few to talk about this submerge of music, it has become closely associated with it and pop-punk becomes a lot of what lands on the pages of the magazine (Oboe, 2011). The in depth interviews and reviews with bands that are provided by AP Magazine have helped to promote several pop punk bands and help bring their music to light. The magazine more popular. In conclusion, pop punk is a musical genre that was developed from the growing popularity of punk rock music. As people began to accept the punk scene, they also began to relate to the music that it was incorporated with. Due to the widespread acceptance of emotions and family issues, the matters addressed in pop punk lyrics not only changed over time but also became increasingly popular. The blend of pop melodies with the guitar riffs and do-it-yourself approach of punk music allowed pop punk music to flourish among young audiences. The television interviews, news reports, and growing music festivals that broadcast pop punk music have led to its acceptance among a wide range of young people. Young audiences around the country began to relate to the emotions expressed in pop punk songs, and that is hat pop punk music the popularity and recognition that it maintains to this day.

Free Essays on Egocentric America

The American school setting is the perfect environment for the egocentric self to be learned by children and is clearly opposed to the development of a sociocentric self. From the first day of nursery or even before that, children are all considered special, in their own way, which sets each one apart from everyone else. Schools particularly reinforce the belief of individualism and competitiveness in almost every aspect of the American school day. This is key to American society due to the fact that success here is based on standing out from everyone else and incorporating the aspects of assertiveness, intelligence, uniqueness, and common sense. In the early elementary school years of childhood development in America, children as â€Å"individuals† get focused on by the teacher. This is established by one on one interaction between the student and teacher relationship, that is children need personalized attention and not only focusing on the â€Å"whole† mentality. Demand for smaller class sizes emphasizes this. Another example that could be provided for the egocentric self is the rewards a student will receive if they strive for the best, in the giving out of gold stars. Many American school teachers reward a child’s successful homework, project, participation, friendliness, etc. with the â€Å"gold star.† Either in the teacher’s book or better yet, on a chart displayed for everyone to view, are how many stars each child has. Some children will receive more stars than others, thus receiving more praise, rewards, and self fulfillment from both teachers and parents who reestablish their chi ld’s individuality. This conditioning process clearly promotes each child to strive for more stars, to be the best, to stand out from the crowd and proclaim his or her own uniqueness. Upon later years of schooling, the egocentric teachings in America become more prevalently displayed, accepted, and incorporated in each individual student. Gold... Free Essays on Egocentric America Free Essays on Egocentric America The American school setting is the perfect environment for the egocentric self to be learned by children and is clearly opposed to the development of a sociocentric self. From the first day of nursery or even before that, children are all considered special, in their own way, which sets each one apart from everyone else. Schools particularly reinforce the belief of individualism and competitiveness in almost every aspect of the American school day. This is key to American society due to the fact that success here is based on standing out from everyone else and incorporating the aspects of assertiveness, intelligence, uniqueness, and common sense. In the early elementary school years of childhood development in America, children as â€Å"individuals† get focused on by the teacher. This is established by one on one interaction between the student and teacher relationship, that is children need personalized attention and not only focusing on the â€Å"whole† mentality. Demand for smaller class sizes emphasizes this. Another example that could be provided for the egocentric self is the rewards a student will receive if they strive for the best, in the giving out of gold stars. Many American school teachers reward a child’s successful homework, project, participation, friendliness, etc. with the â€Å"gold star.† Either in the teacher’s book or better yet, on a chart displayed for everyone to view, are how many stars each child has. Some children will receive more stars than others, thus receiving more praise, rewards, and self fulfillment from both teachers and parents who reestablish their chi ld’s individuality. This conditioning process clearly promotes each child to strive for more stars, to be the best, to stand out from the crowd and proclaim his or her own uniqueness. Upon later years of schooling, the egocentric teachings in America become more prevalently displayed, accepted, and incorporated in each individual student. Gold...

Discussion 12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 12 - Assignment Example It will provide a convenient framework for evaluating nursing interventions. An example of an instance where informatics can help in the development and structure of knowledge is in electronic medical recording. Electronic medical records avails a comprehensive medical history of a patient from which healthcare providers can view and use the information documented by healthcare providers who have attended to the patient in the past. In tackling the PICO question, there will be a need to ensure privacy and confidentiality of information that participants will provide. Disclosing or letting the information leak to unintended persons can end up in undesirable outcomes due to its inappropriate use. In addition, it will be imperative to uphold patient safety because nursing has a mandate not to cause harm to patients. The research endeavor will seek to contribute uniquely to the practice of nursing (Simpson, 2006). I once encountered a patient who had been involved in a gruesome road accident. After a few days of hospitalization and continued examination, we realized that the accident had paralyzed the patient. After sharing the information with the patient’s family, the family pled with us not to tell the patient the prognosis because they believed it would affect him. The ethical dilemma was deciding whether to grant the family’s plea or to honor the patient’s right to know the outcomes of our examination. Although we managed to convince the family that we would help the patient to handle the truth and start physiotherapy to rehabilitate his mobility, the dilemma was difficult to resolve. Systematization of interdisciplinary communication is one of the significance of technology use to nursing knowledge development and structure. Ethical consideration is crucial in the delivery of nursing care. Killeen, M. & King, I. (2007). Viewpoint: Use of King’s Conceptual System, Nursing Informatics, and Nursing Classification Systems for Global

Account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Account - Essay Example Return on capital employed or Return on Total assets measures the firm’s overall effectiveness in generating the profits. This ratio has gone up a little from 0.6 in 2005 to 0.7 in 2006. This increase does not signify much. The assets of the company are underutilized. Similarly return on net assets (also known as return on equity- ROE) measures the return earned on owners’ investments. Arriva Plc. earned 0.22 on equity or net assets in 2005 and 0.21 of net assets in 2006. The earnings are certainly not encouraging. Debtors’ collection period and Creditors’ payment period reflects average age of accounts receivable and accounts payable respectively. These collection and payment periods have shown a little improvement. Average collection period has come down from 47.98 days in 2005 to 46.04 in2006. Also average payment period has also come down from 95.78 days in 2005 to 82.67 days in 2005. This reflects the working capital problems or cash shortage being faced by Arriva Plc. Creditors have started doubting the company because of its dwindling liquidity position. That is why creditors have reduced the credit period. Gross profit ratio cannot be calculated as there are no trading activities involved. But the net profit ratio shows an improvement from 5.9% in 2005 to 6.06% in 2006. This is certainly an achievement despite cash crunch and difficulties in meeting short term obligations faced by Arriva Plc. during the year 2006. Finally it has been observed that Arriva Plc. is a low geared company. With complete reliance on equities Arriva Plc. is finding it difficult to mobilize funds. It is suggestible for Arriva to reconsider about capital mix. It may be beneficial to bring in more debts not only to improve working capital position but to utilize assets to their full capacity. One of the fastest growing industries in world is travel and tourism. Its financial managements assume importance as under noted issues impact the volumes and costs

Salvador Dali Essay Example for Free

Salvador Dali Essay Salvadore Felipe Jacinto Dali Y Domenech was born on May 11, 1904 . in Figueras, Spain. He was a Spanish Surrealist painter and printmaker by trade. Dali is commonly regarded as having been â€Å"artistically influential for his explorations of subconscious imagery†. As an art student in Madrid and in Barcelona, Dali assimilated a vast number of artistic styles and displayed unusual technical facility as a painter. It was not until the late 1920s however, that two events brought about the development of his mature artistic style. The first of these was Dalis discovery of Sigmund Freuds writings on the erotic significance of subconscious imagery and the second was Dalis affiliation with the Paris Surrealists, a group of artists and writers who sought to establish the greater reality of mans subconscious over his reason. To bring up images from the depths of his subconscious mind, Dali began to introduce hallucinatory states in himself by a process he described as paranoiac critical. In essence, the paranoiac critical meant looking at one thing and seeing another. In my opinion, this is an extended version of the face seen in the fire. Heads turn into a distant city, a landscape resolves itself as a still life, inexplicable combinations are seen to lurk magically beneath the skin of the world and thus the foundation for much Dalis artistic philosophy is established. Once Dali hit on this method, his painting style matured with extraordinary rapidity, and from 1927 to 1937 he produced those paintings which made him the worlds best known Surrealist artist. Dali depicted a dream world in which commonplace objects are â€Å"juxtaposed, deformed, or otherwise metamorphosed in a bizarre and irrational fashion†. Dali portrayed these objects in meticulous, almost painfully realistic detail and usually placed them within bleak, sunlit landscapes that were reminiscent of his Catalonian homeland. Much of my research indicates that the most famous of these enigmatic images is probably The Persistence of Memory (commonly known as Soft Watches) which was painted in 1931. In this painting, limp, melting watches rest in an eerily calm landscape. Moving to Paris around 1928, Dali frequented the Cafe Cyrano, the headquarters of the Parisian surrealists, and in 1929, he first exhibited his own surrealist paintings. Dali continued to study the writings of Sigmund Freud and subsequently declared an ambition to systemize confusion. In addition to such paintings as The Persistence of Memory, other famous works such as The Sacrament of the Last Supper which was painted in 1955 and is currently on display at the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., have become widely known as part of the definitive record of twentieth century art. In Dalis books, of which he wrote many himself, canvases, like The Persistence of Memory seem like looking down the wrong end of the telescope at a brilliant, clear, shrunken and poisoned world whose deep mannerist perspective and sharp patches of shadow invite the eye but not the body. I doubt whether one could imagine walking on that stretched, satiny beach among the oozing watches. This atmosphere of voyeurism lent force to Dalis obsessive imagery of impotence, of violence and of guilt. Even in his most extreme moments of anticlerical shock, however, research indicates that Dali remained a Spanish Catholic. He inherited from Spanish devotional art a paralyzing morbidity about flesh. He seemed to like anything that was not erect: running Camembert, soft watches, sagging loaves of flesh held up by crutches. Naturally all this was much more shocking fifty years ago than it is today: Dali was regularly denounced by Fascists and Stalinists alike as a decadent threat to youth. When he could no longer annoy either the bourgeoisie or the self- appointed guardians of the proletariat, he mortally offended the avant-garde by embracing Franco and the Pope, and was duly drummed out of the surrealist group for it Dalis reaction, natural in such an enfant terrible (approx. translation: terrible child), was to become more royalist than the King and more ostentatiously greedy than his Palm Beach and Hollywood patrons. If the net result was a tacky, phosphorescent caricature of Genius at Work, an embarrassment to most aficionados, it is still inconceivable to such eccentric art buffs that Dali the bad boy will ever be expelled from the pantheon of modern imagination. With the Spanish director, Luis Bunuel, Dali also made two surrealistic films. The first was, Un Chien Andalou ( French for An Andalusian dog) produced in 1928 and the latter was LAge Dor (The Golden Age) produced in 1930. Both of these films are commonly described as being grotesque but filled with highl y suggestive images. The production of Dalis art and films was both complimented and further popularized by his maintenance of in image similar to the one reflected in his works;: His eccentric appearance consisting ordinarily of a flowing cape, handlebar mustache, and popping eyes helped to make Salvadore Dali recognized worldwide. In the late 1930s, Dali switched to painting in a more academic style under the influence of the Renaissance painter Raphael, and as a consequence, that was another example of why he was expelled from the Surrealist movement. In the later years of his life, Dali spent the majority of his time designing theater sets, interiors of fashionable shops, and jewelry as well as exhibiting his genius for flamboyant self-promotional stunts in the United States, where he lived from 1940 to 1955. In the period from 1950 to 1970, Dali painted many works with religious themes, though he continued to explore erotic subjects, to represent childhood memories, and to use themes centering on his wife, Gala. Notwithstanding their technical accomplishments, these later paintings are apparently not as highly regarded as the artists earlier works. Salvadore Dali died on January 3, 1989 in Figueras and is now often regarded as one the greatest twentieth century artists yet. With some artists, death is only a ratification of decay: it releases them from the humiliations of their late careers. So it was with Salvador Dali, who when he died at the age of 84 was perhaps the archetype of that 20th century phenomenon, the embarrassing Genius. He was the first modern artist to exploit fully the mechanism of publicity. He appropriated the idea of the artist as demonic obsessive. He dealt with the question Why should your fantasies matter?. Clearly, Salvadore Dali utilized communication and all forms of contemporary imagery to make not only his works, but himself into a legend. Bibliography: Ades, Dawn, Dali and Surrealism (1982); Dali, S.,Salvador Dali: Diary of a Genius (1990); De Liano, I. G., Dali (1984); Descharnes, Robert, Dali (1984); Etherington-Smith, M., The Persistence of Memory: A Biography of Salvador Dali (1993). Various internet sites

Biblical References in Pulp Fiction Essay -- Film Movie Quentin Tarant

Pulp Fiction Throughout the movie Pulp Fiction, directed by Quentin Tarantino, there are many hidden references to religion and the Bible. The movie starts off, introducing our two main characters, Vincent Vega and Jules Winnfield, as two cheap hitmen in search of a package belonging to their boss, Marcellus Wallace. The package is retrieved, and they then began their job of returning it to their boss. Along the way, they ran into difficulties, such as Vega's so-called "date" with his boss' wife, Mia, during which she overdosed on heroin, and Vega was forced to take her to the drug dealer's house to save her life, as well as the robbers in the restaurant, who try to take the suitcase from Winnfield, but were unsuccessful. The whole movie serves as a warning to all mankind to avoid the temptations of the Devil, as well as a warning to not try to play God, because the two boys who stole the suitcase play the role of the Devil, as do the drugs, and they were almost the downfall of the whole attempt. The movie wasted no time in introducing the first biblical reference when the two men try to retrieve the suitcase containing Wallace's belongings. When Vega opened the suitcase, he used the combination "666" to open the suitcase, and when he opened it, the contents glowed a golden-orange color. This was obviously an introductory attempt to show the audience that the suitcase held Marcellus' soul. Perhaps Tarantino was trying to show that the people that stole the suitcase were the devils pawns, and these two hitmen were angels trying to retrieve stolen property. After Vega and Winnfield had obtained their "treasure," Winnfield quoted the Bible, specifically Ezekiel 25:17, the passage about destroying the evil members of the society that try to harm others for no reason. Part of that passage was "..and you will know my name is the Lord, when I lay my vengeance upon thee." This quote shows that Winnfield sees what he is doing as heroic, or maybe angelic, and by carrying out his duties, he is following the word of the Lord. As Winnfield shot the boy, Brett, an orange-golden glow enveloped the screen, representing Brett's soul leaving his body. This whole part of the movie is to warn the evil-doers of the world to cease their wrongdoings, because there are people out there who will stop them. The next main scene of... ...od, sometimes what he does is not right, and he is trying to be the one that always does the right thing: the shepherd. This is another reason why Jules is not killed off. He realized that he cannot play God, and therefore he is forgiven. Vincent, however, never fully realized this, and he is punished at the end of the story by being killed by Butch. Although cleverly hidden, the signs of biblical inference and the power of God are extremely prevalent in the film. Elements of the plot such as the realization of wrongdoing by Jules, the general feeling that the Wallaces are trying to be all knowing and all powerful, the drug dealer being the downfall as well as the savior for Mia, and the way that Jules and Vincent try to control others lives and are punished for it all show us something. These signs show us that we must do as we think we should, and not try to control anyone but yourself, because if you are busy trying to control others, you may not be tending to yourself, leaving yourself wide open to manipulation by others like yourself. If we mind our own business and take care of ourselves, the world would go a lot smoother, and have many fewer conflicts.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 27. Travel Plans

I took mythology a lot more seriously since I'd become a vampire. Often, when I looked back over my first three months as an immortal, I imagined how the thread of my life might look in the Fates' loom – who knew but that it actually existed? I was sure my thread must have changed color; I thought it had probably started out as a nice beige, something supportive and non-confrontational, something that would look good in the background. Now it felt like it must be bright crimson, or maybe glistening gold. The tapestry of family and friends that wove together around me was a beautiful, glowing thing, full of their bright, complementary colors. I was surprised by some of the threads I got to include in my life. The werewolves, with their deep, woodsy colors, were not something I'd expected; Jacob, of course, and Seth, too. But my old friends Quil and Embry became part of the fabric as they joined Jacob's pack, and even Sam and Emily were cordial. The tensions between our families eased, mostly due to Renesmee. She was easy to love. Sue and Leah Clearwater were interlaced into our life, too – two more I had not anticipated. Sue seemed to have taken it on herself to smooth Charlie's transition into the world of make-believe. She came with him to the Cullens' most days, though she never seemed truly comfortable here the way her son and most of Jake's pack did. She did not speak often; she just hovered protectively near Charlie. She was always the first person he looked to when Renesmee did something disturbingly advanced – which was often. In answer, Sue would eye Seth meaningfully as if to say, Yeah, tell me about it. Leah was even less comfortable than Sue and was the only part of our recently extended family who was openly hostile to the merger. However, she and Jacob had a new camaraderie that kept her close to us all. I asked him about it once – hesitantly; I didn't want to pry, but the relationship was so different from the way it used to be that it made me curious. He shrugged and told me it was a pack thing. She was his second-in-command now, his â€Å"beta,† as I'd called it once long ago. â€Å"I figured as long as I was going to do this Alpha thing for real,† Jacob explained, â€Å"I'd better nail down the formalities.† The new responsibility made Leah feel the need to check in with him often, and since he was always with Renesmee†¦ Leah was not happy to be near us, but she was the exception. Happiness was the main component in my life now, the dominant pattern in the tapestry. So much so that my relationship with Jasper was now much closer than I'd ever dreamed it would be. At first I was really annoyed, though. â€Å"Yeesh!† I complained to Edward one night after we'd put Renesmee in her wrought-iron crib. â€Å"If I haven't killed Charlie or Sue yet, it's probably not going to happen. I wish Jasper would stop hovering all the time!† â€Å"No one doubts you, Bella, not in the slightest,† he assured me. â€Å"You know how Jasper is – he can't resist a good emotional climate. You're so happy all the time, love, he gravitates toward you without thinking.† And then Edward hugged me tightly, because nothing pleased him more than my overwhelming ecstasy in this new life. And I was euphoric the vast majority of the time. The days were not long enough for me to get my fill of adoring my daughter; the nights did not have enough hours to satisfy my need for Edward. There was a flipside to the joy, though. If you turned the fabric of our lives over, I imagined the design on the backside would be woven in the bleak grays of doubt and fear. Renesmee spoke her first word when she was exactly one week old. The word was Momma, which would have made my day, except that I was so frightened by her progress I could barely force my frozen face to smile back at her. It didn't help that she continued from her first word to her first sentence in the same breath. â€Å"Momma, where is Grandpa?† she'd asked in a clear, high soprano, only bothering to speak aloud because I was across the room from her. She'd already asked Rosalie, using her normal (or seriously abnormal, from another point of view) means of communication. Rosalie hadn't known the answer, so Renesmee had turned to me. When she walked for the first time, fewer than three weeks later, it was similar. She'd simply stared at Alice for a long moment, watching intently as her aunt arranged bouquets in the vases scattered around the room, dancing back and forth across the floor with her arms full of flowers. Renesmee got to her feet, not in the least bit shaky, and crossed the floor almost as gracefully. Jacob had burst into applause, because that was clearly the response Renesmee wanted. The way he was tied to her made his own reactions secondary; his first reflex was always to give Renesmee whatever she needed. But our eyes met, and I saw all the panic in mine echoed in his. I made my hands clap together, too, trying to hide my fear from her. Edward applauded quietly at my side, and we didn't need to speak our thoughts to know they were the same. Edward and Carlisle threw themselves into research, looking for any answers, anything to expect. There was very little to be found, and none of it verifiable. Alice and Rosalie usually began our day with a fashion show. Renesmee never wore the same clothes twice, partly because she outgrew her clothes almost immediately and partly because Alice and Rosalie were trying to create a baby album that appeared to span years rather than weeks. They took thousands of pictures, documenting every phase of her accelerated childhood. At three months, Renesmee could have been a big one-year-old, or a small two-year-old. She wasn't shaped exactly like a toddler; she was leaner and more graceful, her proportions were more even, like an adult's. Her bronze ringlets hung to her waist; I couldn't bear to cut them, even if Alice would have allowed it. Renesmee could speak with flawless grammar and articulation, but she rarely bothered, preferring to simply show people what she wanted. She could not only walk but run and dance. She could even read. I'd been reading Tennyson to her one night, because the flow and rhythm of his poetry seemed restful. (I had to search constantly for new material; Renesmee didn't like repetition in her bedtime stories as other children supposedly did, and she had no patience for picture books.) She reached up to touch my cheek, the image in her mind one of us, only with her holding the book. I gave it to her, smiling. † There is sweet music here,'† she read without hesitation, â€Å"‘that softer falls than petals from blown roses on the grass, or night-dews on still waters between walls of shadowy granite, in a gleaming pass – ‘† My hand was robotic as I took the book back. â€Å"If you read, how will you fall asleep?† I asked in a voice that had barely escaped shaking. By Carlisle's calculations, the growth of her body was gradually slowing; her mind continued to race on ahead. Even if the rate of decrease held steady, she'd still be an adult in no more than four years. Four years. And an old woman by fifteen. Just fifteen years of life. But she was so healthy. Vital, bright, glowing, and happy. Her conspicuous well-being made it easy for me to be happy with her in the moment and leave the future for tomorrow. Carlisle and Edward discussed our options for the future from every angle in low voices that I tried not to hear. They never had these discussions when Jacob was around, because there was one sure way to halt aging, and that wasn't something Jacob was likely to be excited about. I wasn't. Too dangerous! my instincts screamed at me. Jacob and Renesmee seemed alike in so many ways, both half-and-half beings, two things at the same time. And all the werewolf lore insisted that vampire venom was a death sentence rather than a course to immortality___ Carlisle and Edward had exhausted the research they could do from a distance, and now we were preparing to follow old legends at their source. We were going back to Brazil, starting there. The Ticunas had legends about children like Renesmee†¦. If other children like her had ever existed, perhaps some tale of the life span of half-mortal children still lingered___ The only real question left was exactly when we would go. I was the holdup. A small part of it was that I wanted to stay near Forks until after the holidays, for Charlie's sake. But more than that, there was a different journey that I knew had to come first – that was the clear priority. Also, it had to be a solo trip. This was the only argument that Edward and I had gotten in since I'd become a vampire. The main point of contention was the â€Å"solo† part. But the facts were what they were, and my plan was the only one that made rational sense. I had to go see the Volturi, and I had to do it absolutely alone. Even freed from old nightmares, from any dreams at all, it was impossible to forget the Volturi. Nor did they leave us without reminders. Until the day that Aro's present showed up, i didn't know that Alice had sent a wedding announcement to the Volturi leaders; we'd been far away on Esme's island when she'd seen a vision of Volturi soldiers – Jane and Alec, the devastatingly powerful twins, among them. Caius was planning to send a hunting party to see if I was still human, against their edict (because I knew about the secret vampire world, I either must join it or be silenced†¦ permanently). So Alice had mailed the announcement, seeing that this would delay them as they deciphered the meaning behind it. But they would come eventually. That was certain. The present itself was not overtly threatening. Extravagant, yes, almost frightening in that very extravagance. The threat was in the parting line of Aro's congratulatory note, written in black ink on a square of heavy, plain white paper in Aro's own hand: I so look forward to seeing the new Mrs. Cullen in person. The gift was presented in an ornately carved, ancient wooden box inlaid with gold and mother-of-pearl, ornamented with a rainbow of gemstones. Alice said the box itself was a priceless treasure, that it would have outshone just about any piece of jewelry besides the one inside it. â€Å"I always wondered where the crown jewels disappeared to after John of England pawned them in the thirteenth century,† Carlisle said. â€Å"I suppose it doesn't surprise me that the Volturi have their share.† The necklace was simple – gold woven into a thick rope of a chain, almost scaled, like a smooth snake that would curl close around the throat. One jewel hung suspended from the rope; a white diamond the size of a golf ball. The unsubtle reminder in Aro's note interested me more than the jewel. The Volturi needed to see that I was immortal, that the Cullens had been obedient to the Volturi's orders, and they needed to see this soon. They could not be allowed near Forks. There was only one way to keep our life here safe. â€Å"You're not going alone,† Edward had insisted through his teeth, his hands clenching into fists. â€Å"They won't hurt me,† I'd said as soothingly as I could manage, forcing my voice to sound sure. â€Å"They have no reason to. I'm a vampire. Case closed.† â€Å"No. Absolutely no.† â€Å"Edward, it's the only way to protect her.† And he hadn't been able to argue with that. My logic was watertight. Even in the short time I'd known Aro, I'd been able to see that he was a collector – and his most prized treasures were his living pieces. He coveted beauty, talent, and rarity in his immortal followers more than any jewel locked in his vaults. It was unfortunate enough that he'd begun to covet Alice's and Edward's abilities. I would give him no more reason to be jealous of Carlisle's family. Renesmee was beautiful and gifted and unique – she was one of a kind. He could not be allowed to see her, not even through someone's thoughts. And I was the only one whose thoughts he could not hear. Of course I would go alone. Alice did not see any trouble with my trip, but she was worried by the indistinct quality of her visions. She said they were sometimes similarly hazy when there were outside decisions that might conflict but that had not been solidly resolved. This uncertainty made Edward, already hesitant, extremely opposed to what I had to do. He wanted to come with me as far as my connection in London, but I wouldn't leave Renesmee without both her parents. Carlisle was coming instead. It made both Edward and me a little more relaxed, knowing that Carlisle would be only a few hours away from me. Alice kept searching for the future, but the things she found were unrelated to what she was looking for. A new trend in the stock market; a possible visit of reconciliation from Irina, though her decision was not firm; a snowstorm that wouldn't hit for another six weeks; a call from Renee (I was practicing my â€Å"rough† voice, and getting better at it every day – to Renee's knowledge, I was still sick, but mending). We bought the tickets for Italy the day after Renesmee turned three months. I planned for it to be a very short trip, so I hadn't told Charlie about it. Jacob knew, and he took Edward's view on things. However, today the argument was about Brazil. Jacob was determined to come with us. The three of us, Jacob, Renesmee, and I, were hunting together. The diet of animal blood wasn't Renesmee's favorite thing – and that was why Jacob was allowed to come along. Jacob had made it a contest between them, and that made her more willing than anything else. Renesmee was quite clear on the whole good vs. bad as it applied to hunting humans; she just thought that donated blood made a nice compromise. Human food filled her and it seemed compatible with her system, but she reacted to all varieties of solid food with the same martyred endurance I had once given cauliflower and lima beans. Animal blood was better than that, at least. She had a competitive nature, and the challenge of beating Jacob made her excited to hunt. â€Å"Jacob,† I said, trying to reason with him again while Renesmee danced ahead of us into the long clearing, searching for a scent she liked. â€Å"You've got obligations here. Seth, Leah – â€Å" He snorted. â€Å"I'm not my pack's nanny. They've all got responsibilities in La Push anyway.† â€Å"Sort of like you? Are you officially dropping out of high school, then? If you're going to keep up with Renesmee, you're going to have to study a lot harder.† â€Å"It's just a sabbatical. I'll get back to school when things†¦ slow down.† I lost my concentration on my side of the disagreement when he said that, and we both automatically looked at Renesmee. She was staring at the snowflakes fluttering high above her head, melting before they could stick to the yellowed grass in the long arrowhead-shaped meadow that we were standing in. Her ruffled ivory dress was just a shade darker than the snow, and her reddish-brown curls managed to shimmer, though the sun was buried deeply behind the clouds. As we watched, she crouched for an instant and then sprang fifteen feet up into the air. Her little hands closed around a flake, and she dropped lightly to her feet. She turned to us with her shocking smile – truly, it wasn't something you could get used to – and opened her hands to show us the perfectly formed eight-pointed ice star in her palm before it melted. â€Å"Pretty,† Jacob called to her appreciatively. â€Å"But I think you're stalling, Nessie.† She bounded back to Jacob; he held his arms out at exactly the moment she leaped into them. They had the move perfectly synchronized. She did this when she had something to say. She still preferred not to speak aloud. Renesmee touched his face, scowling adorably as we all listened to the sound of a small herd of elk moving farther into the wood. â€Å"Suuuureyou're not thirsty, Nessie,† Jacob answered a little sarcastically, but more indulgently than anything else. â€Å"You're just afraid HI catch the biggest one again!† She flipped backward out of Jacob's arms, landing lightly on her feet, and rolled her eyes – she looked so much like Edward when she did that. Then she darted off toward the trees. â€Å"Got it,† Jacob said when I leaned as if to follow. He yanked his t-shirt off as he charged after her into the forest, already trembling. â€Å"It doesn't count if you cheat,† he called to Renesmee. I smiled at the leaves they left fluttering behind them, shaking my head. Jacob was more a child than Renesmee sometimes. I paused, giving my hunters a few minutes' head start. It would be beyond simple to track them, and Renesmee would love to surprise me with the size of her prey. I smiled again. The narrow meadow was very still, very empty. The fluttering snow was thinning above me, almost gone. Alice had seen that it wouldn't stick for many weeks. Usually Edward and I came together on these hunting trips. But Edward was with Carlisle today, planning the trip to Rio, talking behind Jacob's back†¦. I frowned. When I returned, I would take Jacob's side. He should come with us. He had as big a stake in this as any of us – his entire life was at stake, just like mine. While my thoughts were lost in the near future, my eyes swept the mountainside routinely, searching for prey, searching for danger. I didn't think about it; the urge was an automatic thing. Or perhaps there was a reason for my scanning, some tiny trigger that my razor-sharp senses had caught before I realized it consciously. As my eyes flitted across the edge of a distant cliff, standing out starkly blue-gray against the green-black forest, a glint of silver – or was it gold? – gripped my attention. My gaze zeroed in on the color that shouldn't have been there, so far away in the haze that an eagle wouldn't have been able to make it out. I stared. She stared back. That she was a vampire was obvious. Her skin was marble white, the texture a million times smoother than human skin. Even under the clouds, she glistened ever so slightly. If her skin had not given her away, her stillness would have. Only vampires and statues could be so perfectly motionless. Her hair was pale, pale blond, almost silver. This was the gleam that had caught my eye. It hung straight as a ruler to a blunt edge at her chin, parted evenly down the center. She was a stranger to me. I was absolutely certain I'd never seen her before, even as a human. None of the faces in my muddy memory were the same as this one. But I knew her at once from her dark golden eyes. Irina had decided to come after all. For one moment I stared at her, and she stared back. I wondered if she would guess immediately who I was as well. I half-raised my hand, about to wave, but her lip twisted the tiniest bit, making her face suddenly hostile. I heard Renesmee's cry of victory from the forest, heard Jacob's echoing howl, and saw Irina's face jerk reflexively to the sound when it echoed to her a few seconds later. Her gaze cut slightly to the right, and I knew what she was seeing. An enormous russet werewolf, perhaps the very one who had killed her Laurent. How long had she been watching us? Long enough to see our affectionate exchange before, I was sure. Her face spasmed in pain. Instinctually, I opened my hands in front of me in an apologetic gesture. She turned back to me, and her lip curled back over her teeth. Her jaw unlocked as she growled. When the faint sound reached me, she had already turned and disappeared into the forest. â€Å"Crap!† I groaned. I sprinted into the forest after Renesmee and Jacob, unwilling to have them out of my sight. I didn't know which direction Irina had taken, or exactly how furious she was right now. Vengeance was a common obsession for vampires, one that was not easy to suppress. Running at full speed, it only took me two seconds to reach them. â€Å"Mine is bigger,† I heard Renesmee insist as I burst through the thick thornbushes to the small open space where they stood. Jacob's ears flattened as he took in my expression; he crouched forward, baring his teeth – hismuzzle was streaked with blood from his kill. His eyes raked the forest. I could hear the growl building in his throat. Renesmee was every bit as alert as Jacob. Abandoning the dead stag at her feet, she leaped into my waiting arms, pressing her curious hands against my cheeks. â€Å"I'm overreacting,† I assured them quickly. â€Å"It's okay, I think. Hold on.† I pulled out my cell phone and hit the speed dial. Edward answered on the first ring. Jacob and Renesmee listened intently to my side as I filled Edward in. â€Å"Come, bring Carlisle,† I trilled so fast I wondered if Jacob could keep up. â€Å"I saw Irina, and she saw me, but then she saw Jacob and she got mad and ran away, I think. She hasn't shown up here – yet, anyway – but she looked pretty upset so maybe she will. If she doesn't, you and Carlisle have to go after her and talk to her. I feel so bad.† Jacob rumbled. â€Å"We'll be there in half a minute,† Edward assured me, and I could hear the whoosh of the wind his running made. We darted back to the long meadow and then waited silently as Jacob and I listened carefully for the sound of an approach we did not recognize. When the sound came, though, it was very familiar. And then Edward was at my side, Carlisle a few seconds behind. I was surprised to hear the heavy pad of big paws following behind Carlisle. I supposed I shouldn't have been shocked. With Renesmee in even a hint of danger, of course Jacob would call in reinforcements. â€Å"She was up on that ridge,† I told them at once, pointing out the spot. If Irina was fleeing, she already had quite a head start. Would she stop and listen to Carlisle? Her expression before made me think not. â€Å"Maybe you should call Emmett and Jasper and have them come with you. She looked†¦ really upset. She growled at me.† â€Å"What?† Edward said angrily. Carlisle put a hand on his arm. â€Å"She's grieving. HI go after her.† Tm coming with you,† Edward insisted. They exchanged a long glance – perhaps Carlisle was measuring Edward's irritation with Irina against his helpfulness as a mind reader. Finally, Carlisle nodded, and they took off to find the trail without calling for Jasper or Emmett. Jacob huffed impatiently and poked my back with his nose. He must want Renesmee back at the safety of the house, just in case. I agreed with him on that, and we hurried home with Seth and Leah running at our flanks. Renesmee was complacent in my arms, one hand still resting on my face. Since the hunting trip had been aborted, she would just have to make do with donated blood. Her thoughts were a little smug.